Guided by Hope and Not by Conscience: An Examination of the Arguments of Ivan Illich

Ivan Illich was an incisive critic of aspects contemporary Western cultures, such as the over-reach obligatory institutionalized schooling, excessive medicalization society, and dangers global industrial development. From outset there a deeper edge to his work which concerned formative, but ambivalent, influence Christianity. His case is that perversion Christianity has come be woven deep into fabric modernity ‘living by one’s conscience’ one constitutive threads therein. advocates living hope not conscience. The article presents some lines along Illich’s concern with centrality could further developed.